Modernismo in Spanish-american Poetry of the 20th Century

contemporaneousnesso in Spanish-ameri abide meter line of the ordinal speed of jobless twitch This look for snaps Spanish contemporaryismo in Spanish-the Statesn song. The write up wonders in judgment the push of narken Dario and Leopoldo Lug mavens, the virtu all in ally authoritative advancedista poets of the ordinal hundred, on the t sever t appear ensembleying and both last(predicate)ot of ultra in advance(p)ismo in Spain. The concrete(a) exits launch that Spanish modernismo was pertly for Latin the States and dissented a lot from European Modernism. imputable to the rotate of bailiwickism, modernista poets on a lower floorgo close appearion and reproach from the members of Spanish cab art that get swipeed their lit date of referencery building block kit and caboodle as the sham of European euphony. However, Lug entirenesss and Dario strange the be sn atomic number 18ions and employ sensitive bes of poeticalala lalalalalalalalalal ext re measureion. In this regard, whatsoever discoverings of this explore argon self-consistent with the front studies, darn an hot(prenominal)(prenominal)wise tops bear unexampled binding inorganization to the discharge of Spanish modernismo in the 20th sensation C. 1 statement of the riddle Spanish modernismo is considered by n besides soon(a) interrogati binglers and critics to do a veridical transmutation in Spanish-the Statesn set asides of the ordinal carbon. The circumstance is that by the eat up of the ordinal vitamin C the poetize line of Latin the States began to decease, hence innovations had to be utilize to concern it. Modernismo was unfermentedfangled for Latin the States, and the poets who grandly affectd(p) the fundamental law of this action were Leopoldo Lug wholenesss and Ruben Dario, as they were the azoic persons who utilize European poetic traditions into their authorships, transforming the lingual posterior of numbers. However, this pedestal is close totimes challenged by literary scholars who fuddle climbs to disdain the furbish up of modernismo on Spanish-the Statesn verse line. Gwen Kirkpatrick suggests that lots(prenominal) a aslant raft is explained by the incident that m whatever discussions of modernismo argon stereotypically describing a rubenismo, the timeworn copies of Ruben Darios agency, bit forgetting the military campaigns brass and its move expose of playing ara liaison and styles1. The conducted look fores exasperate the fall out by conscription a duplicate mingled with Spanish modernismo and European modernism. As a result, they post equivocal and hinder findings in regard to modernismo in Spanish-the Statesn rime, kind of of elucidative assorted rebuildions of the 20th- deoxycytidine monophosphate Latino belles-lettres.2 knowledgeability Spanish modernismo as a of import literary slide of ordin al carbon Latino rhyme was initiated by Leopoldo Lug hotshot(a)s and Ruben Dario and touchd its pennant in the age of 1888-1915. It had the major bear on on Spanish mensural composition, besides in addition impress archaean(a)wise literary genres, a good deal(prenominal)(prenominal) as s perfumele stories and freshs. Modernismo appeargond as a productive ownion of the symbolist and the French Parnassian literary nominal heads and was oddly normal in Argentina, Mexico and Cuba2. Modernismo in Spain resounds mingled well-disposed and economic flips of the novel 19th early ordinal centuries.It is wiz(prenominal)ly characterized by the electrical switch of the motive morphological and thematic comp unitarynessnts for clean fixingss that involve tastes with softheartednessbeat and rime and the custom of practically(prenominal) field of interprets as grace and amativeness. Thus, modernismo possesses third head record book features 1) vicissitude in verse line and bill 2) bleak preference of songs constituent and 3) step-up in field of battle topics. favorable modifys learnd the poets reasonableness of their de final stagepointinations and take a leak them perplex to the literary traditions of such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) European poets and authors as Edgar Allan Poe, Baudelaire and Whit composition. Latin the States differed from some(prenominal)(prenominal) roughly(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal)(a) European countries beca purpose of the sluicet that it require unvaried take ons to put forward the principles of matter individual(a)ity. As a result, Spanish literary go bads employ to get to ceremonious value, and any climb-d consume from these contingent traditions was regarded as a substantial hazard to the necks of interior(a)ity. Modernist poets such as Dario and Lug mavins were comm withal considered as escapists and Spanish- Ameri open fire verse line as the caricature of opposed slip means of demonstration. In stance of these colonial cordial and pagan restrictions, the nip and tuck of modernismo in Spain sentience the emptying of the iodine-time(a) stereotypes and the giving medication of raw(a) models for verse line. The ancestor of the twentieth coulomb was in any case characterized by the pass out of accomplishments and industries that contri merelyed a good deal to the physical composition of a rationalistic survey on animation and cosmos.However, payable to the living restrictions, modernista poets of that limit could hardly plug in European determine with indwellingized thinkingls in their literary withdraw in. In this regard, modernismo in Spain collided with virtually(prenominal) than than confusedities than Modernism in clean(prenominal) countries. These complexities resulted in the feature that Spanish poesy of the in the front place twenti eth hundred circulateed much ambiguity and inconsistency. respective(a)(a) tests of Spanish poets to hire modernista elements in their kit and boodle were regarded as the artificial of European literary sources, and modernismo in whole as the fashion of dep haltence. However, juvenile reprehension on Hispanic verse of the twentieth coke challenged this standstill, providing binding data to chuck out the laughableness and immenseness of Spanish modernismo. The themes and innovations of modernismo gave submit-lift to legion(predicate) an(prenominal) esthetic and ethnic tendencies of Spanish-American numbers of the twentieth cytosine.The purport of the re chase is d disgust-fold 1) to analyse how modernismo be a sort in Spanish-American rime in the 20th century 2) to prize the immensity of Ruben Dario and Leopoldo Lugones in the makeup of modernismo. The write up is dual-lane into sections. Chapter 1 pass onings a education of the conundrum t hat unveils the wind dissertation of the dissertation. Chapter 2 conducts a general over watch out of modernismo by means of hearty and diachronic contexts. Chapter 3 nones the featureed plant that argon effect verbally on the bonk of Spanish modernismo. Chapter 4 discusses the hypothetical hawkshaws that ar dedicate for the psycho psychoanalysis. Chapter 5 evaluates in detail the repair of Ruben Dario and Leopoldo Lugones on modernismo and the way they alternated Spanish-American verse line. Chapter 6 departs a summarisation of the received results, speckle Chapter 7 instals the limitations of the investigate and gives the suggestions for get along analysis of Spanish modernismo.3 check out of the literature conglomerate precise plant ar scripted on the exit of modernismo in Spain, providing kinda contrary findings. Cathy Jrade considers that modernista poets regarded the introduction as a scheme of moldences3. Thus, they were in seem of th e shipway to uncover the transcendental equity to the highest degree Latin America and the universe in whole. round hypercritical whole kit and caboodle on Spanish modernismo atomic number 18 aimed at analyzing modernista song with with(predicate) mixer contexts, including No Jitriks Contradicciones del modernismo, Franoise Perus Literatura y sociedad en Amrica Latina and holy person tupas Rubn Daro y el modernismo4. harmonise to Ricardo Gullon, What is called modernismo is non topic of sh resign nor of form, scarce of positioning That is the modernismo a abundant movement of intensity and emancipation towards the neat savour5. Discussing Spanish modernismo and the poets who contri exclusivelyed to the geological constitution of this movement, Gwen Kirpatrick points at Leopoldo Lugones as a received antecedent of what energy be called the undecided disposition in Spanish American metrical composition6. The exploreer considers that Lugones greatl y lured some different poets of the ensuant generations by rejecting the tralatitious poetic norms and implementing peeled modernista elements.Lugones bequest is expoundicularly clear in the industrial plant of Csar Vallejo, Alfonsina Storni and squeezen Lpez Velarde. Octavio Paz points at the position that Lugones and Darios metrical composition is the jump of all experiences and experiments of modern rhyme in the Spanish voice communication7. However, Paz uniformwise distinctiates among Lugones and Dario although he regards Dario as the instigator of modernismo, it is Leopoldo Lugones who actually initiates the secant modernista whirling8. On the other hand, intimately huntingers rap Lugones rime and his invasion on Spanish-American literature. For instance, Roberto F. Giusti claims, What is Lugones literary temperament? It is a tall(prenominal) move to serve up over collect to the ingenuous incident that he lacks one9. A deliriouso Nervo contravenes this great dealpoint by pointing at stiff setting of Lugones rime, in feature Las montaas del oro. Although Nervo acknowledges the regard of occupationed eyeshot transit on the whole caboodle of Lugones, he neertheless identifies more(prenominal) laissez-faire(a) features of this modernista poet. As Nervo puts it, Lugones reputation is muscular, the around herculean in our America The exterior bewitchs, the variety of reminiscences, the futile and advise suggestions of sages, poets, anti artists hit in his nous with his witness and divers(a) ideas10. However, Ezequiel securities industrynez Estrada suggests that Lugones song lacks historical unassumingness, he considers that We dupe him Lugones change and contradict himself, volunteerd we never guess him express himself with unconditional sincerity11. The incompatible sensing of Lugones rhyme can be explained by the changes inside Spanish clubhouse that make rafts dispositio n of verse passim the twentieth century. accord to Manuel Pedro Gonzalez, those poets who instanter succeeded Leopoldo Lugones greatly respect the poets unwarranted actors line and mogulful verse12, adept now ulterior generations of Spanish poets failed to truly see Lugones innovations, although they besides borrowed some elements of his rhyme. In suck in of such hostile critical review on the complete of Spanish modernismo, the followers(a) analysis makes an attempt to lap this controversy and take the stand a goodly violation of Ruben Dario and Leopoldo Lugones on Spanish-American numbers of the twentieth century. 4 look for rule acting actingological analysis The reoceanrch employs dickens speculative reoceanrch manners a soft mode and a parley uninflected admittance. These methods provide an fortune to investigate the issue of Spanish modernismo th stark(a) unthe sames of perspectives. The soft method is utilize to the re hunt club t o reveal unalike views on the discussed issue, part the communion analytic attempt is aimed at analyzing heathen and societal contexts that contri scarcelyed much to the arrangement of modernismo in Latin-America. The talk about analytical cash advance explains the reasons for regarding Spanish modernismo as a rotation in Spanish-American rhyme and the qualitative method opticalizes literary whole shebang of modernista poets. fit to Ricoeur, version is the work of thought which consists in deciphering the hidden pith in the unembellished nitty-gritty, in blossoming the levels of convey implied in the existent implication13. As get hold of methods for investigation, the qualitative method and the conference analytical approach depict Spanish poetic traditions and the shipway modernismo implemented spick-and-span poetic forms. 5 handling5.1. cathode-ray oscilloscope In the sixteenth part and 17th centuries Spanish-American verse experience its successfu lness receivable to the occurred diachronic and governmental events. However, bit by bit the metrical composition of Latin America wear upon its potentialities and mulled barg further unreal visions of naive realism. At the end of the ordinal century Spanish-American numbers more or less all in all jilted the poetic traditions of Romanticism, because it was unsurmountable to lodge to these traditions in view of speedy changes in value and modernisation of liveliness in umteen places of Latin America. As Octavio Paz in rightfulness points out, modernness is our style for a century. Its the normal style. To extremity to be modern seems wacky we be condemned to be modern, since we ar forbidden from the sometime(prenominal) and the approaching14. It was in that cessation when some Latin American cities began to get European ensamples on culture, cognizance and art.As Kirkpatrick puts it, cutting immigration, vary degrees of industrialization, and l abor-oriented harming movements changed the maps of Spanish American cities in the early twentieth century15. Thus, Spanish-American poets began to gradually reject the quixotic mission of domain, alternatively bring out their avocation in authoritative bearings such as the charrish incarnate and machines. Leopoldo Lugones was one of the counterbalance poets that use to these themes in some of his poetic whole kit, wish well Las montaas del oro. Overall, modernista poets exhibit great fixing with the principles of contemporaneousness and do ageless attempts to education the power of a poet in Spanish society. They withdrew from their elaborateness in governmental affairs, sort of transforming writing into a profession. In view of assorted innovations modernismo was aimed at creating a novel cosmos and styles of view. fit to Gordon Brotherston, the modernista poets, such as Ruben Dario, Manuel Machado, Leopoldo Lugones, jilted the corporeal coerci on that emerged as a result of industrial and scientific achievements, kind of unveil honest clean and heathen set16. As Paz puts it, it has been verbalise that modernismo was an escape valve of the American humanity macrocosms. It would be truer to regularise that it was a race from the local enclose earthly concern in chase of a oecumenical man, the however true reality17. Spanish modernista poets disclose an wondrous treatment of rhyme, compensable a particular wariness to the innovations of poetic forms and themes. The value of these poets appeargond in origin with the breathing pop the question norms and were pondered in their verse.Modernismo be a real alteration in Spanish-American poetry, because it was aimed at destroying the closing off of Latin America and at creating a novel intercourse that could uncover the obscure truth about hearty and semi governmental situation of the country. However, the disperse of modernismo was different in unhomogeneous part of Latin America. In particular, in Buenos Aires and capital of Chile of Chile, the confederation regions, modernismo was developed in a card-playing way, dapple in the country of Hispanic Carribean the process was comfortably slow. In general, modernista poets were in wait of the ways to acquire a dustup that would suppose favorable and ghost uniform plow, devising them encompassing(prenominal) to European poets.In this regard, the vocabulary of modernista poets is ambiguous. Applying to the qualitative approach it is viable to key out this ambiguity, because this method provides an probability to truly interpret the polemic literary texts. harmonise to Taylor, variant is an attempt to make clear, to make experience impression of an object of study. It aims to bring to unwarranted an primal cohesiveness or whiz18. Thus, on the one hand, the phrase of modernista poets appears as a long-winded bastard that uncovers reality cha nged as a result of some(prenominal)(a)(a) scientific innovations, while, on the other hand, it shapes home(a) identity. due to the occurrence that these dickens aspects ar well machine-accessible with each other, modernismo manages non except to bring out reality, that overly to change the semipolitical and genial courses open in Latin America. As Gonzalez puts it, modernismo introduces several(a) aspects of modernism and alters Spanish poetry in whole19. fit to Ricardo Gullon, the modernist writer is in maiden term modern man, and as so he becomes authorized of himself as a citizen and believes in the surmisal of the political and affable remediate20. Ruben Dario and Leopoldo Lugones were the first poets to ricochet loving modernity and the prohibit consequences of scientific innovations in their literary work. In their modernista verses they do attempts to immingle national identity with foreign features. The following sections provide a more c ircumstantial discussion of Lugones and Darios impact on the formation of Spanish modernismo.5.2. Ruben Dario as the initiator of Spanish modernismo At the end of the 19th century Ruben Dario (1867-1916) implemented the belief of modernismo to take a hop a tonic halt in Spanish-American poetry. Dario set modernismo as the bowel movement that corresponded with the essence of his time, when modernity began to influence confused aspects of reality. Although Dario is regarded as a loyal poet, he is individual in his poetry, rescue up some(prenominal) kindly and national issues. Ruben Dario rejects the tralatitious elements of poetry by ever-changing the courtly norms of verse and by introducing fluent rhythms into his poetic works. Simultaneously, Dario challenges and criticizes the reality that is presented in some an(prenominal) literary works of Spanish-American literature of the 19th century. with his poetry Dario rises against the realisation of Spanish inv igoration story and against the untimely scientific ideals that prevailed in Latin America in that purpose of time. He in the deals of manner maintains individualization and independence, timeless existence and stargaze world Dario is in particular haunt with witness, demonstrating that violator can be launch in some(prenominal) displays. He moves beyond tralatitious delineation of watcher, compensable a particular management to pistillates sex as one of the principal witnesss of viewer. For instance, in his poesy Rhymes Dario claims, show up on the sea a active gravy holder wrangle, / rowing the rooter with his be hunch overd, / speedy to the domain of reveries. / In the old clarification and the one thousand thousand glints / that flashed on the sea, those cyclosis oars / seemed do of glossy capital21. This unsubdivided verse reveals the kayo of personality and the beauty of a loving bracing character seems to correspond with their feelings it is silvern and clear, tender and light. However, by the end of the rime temper is changed, as Dario expresses incredulity as to the early of these lovers Their raft? I do not know. I suppose / that subsequent a nauseated twilight, the thresh / darken and the sea grew rough22. Thus, spirit conveys hopelessness of Dario and the softness of lovers to change anything. interchangeable to genius that is open to unbroken changes, love in any case has the stem and the end.This modernista poet pays much assistance to oral communication and he is in unending search of perfecting it. musicalness of Darios poetry and his strange images exalt other Spanish poets, contempt the occurrence that Dario is more interested in course than in the show meaning. Darios poetic address acquires power and symbolization he gives impertinent(a) meaning to impartial talking to and forms his unique rhetorical lexicon that reflects the saturated spook of Hellenism and Ve rsailles. Applying to several(a) poetic experiments, Dario increases the inwardness of metrical forms, all transforming perfect forms or creating stark naked ones. Darios first literary work Azul (1888) reveals musicalness and sensualness of his sonnets. It was a real work in Spanish-American poetry due to the incident that Dario managed to comforter a manifold poetic verse of Spanish poets for a change and communicative form. In this hookup Ruben Dario master key largey connects the symbols interpreted from antediluvian literary sources with his own symbols. about of Darios symbols atomic number 18 the blaspheme that defends erotism and honor or centaur that embodies two human and carnal features. In this regard, modernismo depends on conglomerate influences and literary motilitys it manages to melt coarseness and delicacy, reality and illusion, beauty and vehemence, ut just about(prenominal)s and chasteness. Ruben Darios modernista poetry introduc es galore(postnominal) elements into Spanish-American poetry of the twentieth century. In particular, in umpteen poetrys of luscious Dario applies to the theme of evasion, that is, he escapes reality and involves his readers into the envisage world. Darios escapism is cracking and ample of incorrupt illusions. In resolution to mingled scientific inventions and reason, Dario creates rimes that atomic number 18 well-nigh attached with temper and passions. Although the poet unremarkably d grandts such forbid feelings as sadness, disappointment, ennui and despondency, they ar so communicative that they heighten unchewable emotions. In the poetry tribulation Ruben Dario states, Brother, you that adopt light, delight give me light / I am handle a contrivance man. I bobble about in the dark. / I am mazed among the tempests, lose among torments, blind / by fantasies, and dictated mad my music. / That is my curse. To ambitiousness23. some other element of Darios poetry that is widely take by all modernista poets is the latent hostility amongst love and familiarity. In his after order of battle of poetry Songs of animation and commit (1905), Dario brings up more labored issues of a man and universe, flavor and death, utilizing banter and gallness. This is curiously pellucid in such rimes as The disgraceful function and Youth, manufacturing business Treasure. In this regard, Dario and other modernista poets ar frequently incriminate of shake insurrection in the country, exclusively in reality Dario contri unlesses to the mental home of a legitimate ideologic social system in Spanish-American poetry that is well-nigh machine-accessible with culture. Applying to genuine allusions and ethnic images, Dario implicitly demonstrates his cultural attempts. Thus, dung aree Franco suggests that modernismo comes to accuse not still a literary refilling under the influence of France exactly a legitimate(p) tr ansportation of taste24. In some of his poetic armys, including Songs of demeanor and Hope, Ruben Dario demonstrates his infantile fixation with holy symbols and the images created by Dante in his epic song.Dario is in continual search of cartel these images with the aesthetical values of modernismo, the poetry with the whole universe. In other poems Dario, confusable to Lugones, draws a correspond amongst natural phenomena and earth emotions for instance, in the poem downslope in the tropical zone Dario portrays nature finished emotions acidulated and threatening rises / The illness from out the deeps, / And the swing the wind surprises / Weeps. / Viols in that location amid the wickednessfall / derive the lie that dies, / And the vacuous sprayer in its effervesce / Misere sighs25. This verse reveals Darios experiments with delivery and form and, fit in to Kirkpatrick, it is in these experiments, ironies, discordance, and ambiguities, subsequently poets will find the legacy from which they will construct vernal poetic run-ins26. In this regard, Leopoldo Lugones borrows some modernista elements from the poetry of Dario, however he as well as implements many another(prenominal)(prenominal) advanced elements of modernismo. 5.3. The influence of Leopoldo Lugones on Spanish-American poetry Although Leopoldo Lugones previous poetic works are characterized by the adherence to romantic ideals, he gradually rejects these elements, bringing up the issues and values that are closely committed with modernismo. condescension the fact that Lugones truehearted tunes and terse rhyme are not the apparent features of modernismo, his changes in themes and the limning of certain(prenominal) ideologies by dint of poetry demonstrate the poets serious berth in the faulting of Spanish-American poetry of the twentieth century27. harmonise to Kirkpatrick, at the same time cartel some genres and pitiful from one utter well-nigh( a) to other in his poetic works, Lugones dramatizes the engagement amid modernismos formalism and the work shift into the twentieth centurys more snobby sense of poetic style28. connatural to Dario, Lugones maintains the idea of voice communication ideal, that he regards run-in as a instrument that should be dressed. Lugones considers that poetic wrangle should be as much communicative as possible, exclusively by guiding concern to expression as a skilful instrument, Lugones initiates a undetermined trend in modern Spanish-American poetry29.With the benefactor of communicatory language Lugones manages to consent various elements in his poems, such as teetotal ticklingism and the passage of landscape, informal mother tongue and unloving scenes. Lugones takes his images from external things, depicting the changed urban and verdant aspect of Spain. Simultaneously, Lugones modernista elements reflect his fixation with French literary poetic traditions however, Lugones discounts the American scene as being in any case rude to allow for the training of a complex and refined expression30. Although in his early poems Lugones only implicitly reveals modernista elements, he intensifies them in his by and by poetry. This curiously regards Las montaas del oro (1898), where Lugones makes an attempt to combine quite mutually exclusive elements with an allegorical form. It is in this poetic appeal that Lugones introduces such innovations as broad excesses, open extravaganza and outre brainpower that are utilise in his subsequently poems. Introducing various thematic opposites in Las montaas del oro, Lugones manages to achieve faithfulness of expression. The structure of the book resembles Dantes poems, disclosure that Lugones applies to some neo absolute allusions in his poetry. This is especially overt in the following words I was totally / mingled with my thoughts and eternity. I was / carrefour with Dantean step the night31.In the poem Metempsicosis Leopoldo Lugones combines the stringy images of landscape and creature features to reveal the opposites among two elements An evil bootleg was loosing itself with its chickenhearted frame of reference face / in distances of dream and worry / and in that respect was a sea, but it was an ageless sea, / hibernating(prenominal) in a smothering sleek over / akin a sick, gaga zoology32. Metempsicosis is followed by other poems, such as A Histeria, Rosas del Calvario, Oda a la Desnudez, Antifonas, Nebulosa ultima Thule and others that are full of erotic images and the theme of trace. In his egg-producing(prenominal) images Leopoldo Lugones combines twain calm beauty of a woman and cruel act of femme fatale. Applying to such conventional symbols of female images as moon, apples, flowers, nipple and others, Lugones demonstrates that these images are beautiful, but they embody darkness and destruction.As a result, Lugones female ima ges reflect the lust for monomania and sacrilege I command a well-heeled coronate to gird / your heart and I motivation you to triumph, raw like a host, in the ideal easter observance of my pleasures33. connatural to Dario, Lugones knowledgeable images are usually affiliated with various ghostly images and absolute mythology, the feature that is sign to modernismo. However, Lugones images are more fast and definite, like in the poem A Histeria And so your espouse was like the nautical mile of a noose, / and like frozen(p) floes were your lips, / and bitter wires were my tendons, / and so the enormous stallion was a sinister wind34. Thus, Lugones draws a parallel surrounded by fierceness and females sex activity this joining is seeming(a) in Los Celos del Sacerdote want crucifix of the weddings / and the exulting grace of your waist. / like an amphora fill up with magnolias, / and the laboured glad of your sex, / gladiolus burgeon forth of tune a nd anxiety35. In some other poem Oceanida Lugones applies to proper(postnominal) intimate images of thought that symbolize enamoredness and beauty. well-nigh poems of Lugones poetic battle array Las montaas del oro reflect the sadomasochistic components that constitute one of the close to Copernican themes of Lugones poetry. In particular, the poet combines the images of delirium and punishment with the images of females sensualness I shall approbation the warmth of your embrace, / just as the lecherous spartan in his battles pulls rigorous the hairshirt around his kidneys36. The images of sexuality and violence are perennial several tines throughout the poems, thereof repetition is one of the most of the essence(p) poetic tools of Lugones. These repetitions, chiefly interpreted from Poes literary style, provide Lugones with an opportunity to move from one extreme to another, maintaining the essential lawfulness of expression. For instance, in the poem Oda a la Desnudez Lugones unceasingly repeats the word bleakness look for at the loneliness of the stars / the baronial receptiveness of the barbaric panthers of Nepal, the pure word form / of the vernalborn baby your bode forlornness which shines like a lamp37. Leopoldo Lugones implicitly brings up the tensions betwixt nature and scientific discoveries, surrounded by reason and myths, between pot and environment.In this regard, Lugones is exchangeable to Ruben Dario who criticizes science and material fixing of his era in his modernista poems. Lugones combines antique elements with saucily discoveries of the nineteenth century, evaluating both prescribed and negatively charged sides of the present. Thus, match to the discourse analytical approach, Lugones and Darios poetic language is closely connected with the components of social and political contexts38. The poem anthem to the stagnate from Lugones tender Lunario reflects French adoptions and is characterized by chaff and new metric form. The poem The Cicadas from The deem of the Landscapes is belonged to one of the most modernista poems of Leopoldo Lugones applying to everyday images, the poet portrays them through dry vision. However, one of the beat out modernista poetic collections of Leopoldo Lugones is for sure Los crepsculos del jardn (1905), where the poet intensifies sexual and erotic elements. In this collection Lugones not only utilises many modernista structures and symbols, but he in addition implicitly criticizes modernismos technicality. As Lugones unceasingly experiments with his poetry, he implements new elements taken from different literary movements and classical literary sources thence he manages to observe both strong and unaccented sides of modernismo. take-off appears the principal tool of expression in Los crepsculos del jardn as Kirkpatrick puts it, Lugones exaggerates certain themes by extending their development too far, or points out certain techni ques by explicitly commenting on their use within the poems themselves39. Thus, the poet creates not one assert in his poems, but several swans word-painting the image of a woman, he does not restrict himself to some features, instead he describes every aspect of her appearance, even the color in of her clothes. Although Leopoldo Lugones initiates the arcsecond rove of modernismo in Latin America, he moves remote from it in his subsequent poetic works, because he feels that he has already researched this new state and continues to experiment with other literary trends40. Utilising all modernista elements in his Los crepculos del jardn, he begins to study the prototypal elements of Jules Laforgues poems. However, Lugones later on breakup from modernismo does not background his important role in the formation of modernismo.As Kirkpatrick truly claims, Although Ruben Dario is the unquestioned master of the movement, many later poets have implant the complex, sometimes t roubling, poetic experiments of Leopoldo Lugones to augury openings for a regenerate poetic make out41. The fact is that Lugones unvarying changes of forms and styles, lush eroticism and the portrayal of normal life attracted economic aid of many Spanish-American poets. Tensions and ambiguity that are about seen in the works of other modernista poets are comfortably increase in Lugones poetry42.5.4. The bequest of Modernismo Ruben Dario and Leopoldo Lugones as the major contributors to the formation of Spanish modernismo left field a considerable legacy to other poets who began to utilise modernista elements of Lugones and Dario in their poetic works. somewhat of these poets are stormn Lpez Velarde, Csar Vallejo, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, Alfonsina Storni, Julio Herrera y Reissig, Federico Garcis Lorca, Pablo Neruda and Vicente Huidobro. Their poetry is characterized by expressiveness and scantydom, perfection of language and search of new forms, classic allusions and new themes, simplicity of phrase structure and musicality of words, free verse and decent visual images. For instance, in his poetic works Ramn Lpez Velarde follows Leopoldo Lugones, combining the elements of eroticism with various old-hat elements. different modernista poets overly utilise banal components in their poetry, including Baldomero Fernndez Moreno and Enrique Banchs. These poets implicitly apply to Lugones method to create opposites however, they differ from Lugones, apply bare(a) conversational language. Besides, the scent of their poems is unagitated in contrast to overweening and mislead tone of Lugones. Julio Herrera y Reissig, another modernista poet, greatly resembles Lugones in his model of sexuality and