The Entertainer by Scott Joplin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Entertainer by Scott Joplin - Essay Example He played with a gathering of minstrels before he settled down in St.Louis in 1890.He played in the Chicago World Fair in 1893. The railroad crash at Waco in 1893, roused his piece The extraordinary accident impact Scott's life was not a walk in the park, he contracted syphilis from which he passed on in 1917. His long sick wellbeing influenced his work. His African-American legacy impacted his music.. Early impact on Scott was that of his melodic family-Scott's mom payed the banjo and sang, while his dad played the violin .His mom got him a piano from the cash she earned by cleaning houses Her impact can be found in his initial organization Treemonisha distributed in 1911. He was without given piano exercises by Julius Weiss, a German music instructor., whose effect on Scott's music was critical. Weiss showed him the complexities of old style music structure. His initial preparing in old style music ingrained an affection for the old style structure in Joplin, which is confirm in his great clothes .Joplin utilized Afro-American people music convention in his clothes. Jazz music gets its name from the 'battered beat' it employments. Having been made for the most part for the piano, The Entertainer is principally in C major. In the B area, the tune is played on a higher octave. Its surface is homophonic, with a solitary tune The music is firmly apparent, with numerous areas of the music finishing on a tonic harmony. Despite the fact that the rhythms and pitches are impacted by the African-American people music conventions, the music has a certainly European - American structure. Rhythm is another part of Joplin's music. Joplin composed directions on his music not to play it at too quick a beat, which would destroy the music. The Entertainer is currently viewed as one of the main ten melodies of the twentieth century.. Craftsmanship Appreciation-Music and the Performing Arts Performing and Visual Arts - an elucidating article Performing and Visual Arts . Each type of craftsmanship like artistic creation, music, move or theater has developed in its own particular manner in various nations of the world, and every ha its own qualities. Human expressions, such as painting, theater, move and music ,have a wide scope of strategies of articulation. Painting has developed from our antiquated visual legacy Painting encourages the painter to communicate the delight, charm and miracle he feels for the visual wonders of the outside world, by utilizing hues and attracting to communicate his thoughts Paintings can be naturalistic, theoretical or emblematic. Among the numerous methods of painting, oil painting, pastels and Oil pastel, watercolor and acrylic painting are the most mainstream. While scenes and still life painting are normally naturalistic, medieval painting was overwhelmed by strict themes Albeit various schools of painting utilize various methods of articulation, there are a few components which are basic to a wide range of painting. The fundamental components of painting are shape, line, surface, tone and shading. As per Peter Owen, Most compositions, whatever their style and subject, and anyway numerous different perspectives they may offer us, can be acknowledged as examples of shapes characterized on the image surface.(Owen . p1) Since the painter can convey his plans to the watcher just as a two-dimensional, stable and

Religion and Ethnic Diversity Free Essays

Religion is something that numerous individuals around the globe practice. There are a wide range of sorts of religion and every religion have their own convictions and practices. I needed to get familiar with Jehovah’s Witnesses; this is a religion that I am new to. We will compose a custom article test on Religion and Ethnic Diversity or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Jehovah’s Witnesses believe themselves to be Christian, they base their practices and convictions on their own interpretation and significance of the Bible (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013). Jehovah’s Witnesses call themselves this in light of the fact that God’s name is Jehovah; they feel it is just option to call him by his name. An observer is an individual who declares perspectives or realities of which he is persuaded; in this way Jehovah’s Witnesses assigns them as a gathering of Christians who announce reality with regards to Jehovah. Jehovah Witnesses have altogether different convictions than others who view themselves as Christians. Jehovah Witnesses don't commend certain occasions; Christmas and Easter are two of the most widely recognized occasions celebrated by different strict gatherings who view themselves as Christians. As per Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania (2013), Jesus Christ told that we honor his passing, not his revival or his introduction to the world. They likewise accept that there is no record of when Jesus was conceived and that Christmas was gotten from Pagan religion and convention and embraced by different religions (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013). Easter is to be viewed as a vacation not of God, and that by different Christians observing Easter they are affronting God. As indicated by Jehovah Witnesses convictions Easter has to do with antiquated fruitfulness rituals and the love of the Sun and all the new life it can bring religions (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013). As indicated by numerous religions including Christianity, the Cross is a general image used to recognize their confidence and Christianity. Jehovah’s witnesses accept this doesn't represent a person’s confidence or unwaveringness to God however, the cross is only a made thing and that you can just show your adoration for God through benevolent love, and that is simply the main genuine approach to distinguish as a devotee of God. Jehovah’s Witnesses don't have indistinguishable convictions from different religions that view themselves as Christian nonetheless, they don't disregard different religions, and rather they attempt to instruct individuals about their religion and convictions wanting to show others what they accept the right method to follow God and his ways. Jehovah’s Witnesses that are purified through water in this religion are required to adhere to the principles and convictions and on the off chance that they stray from those convictions they could be evaded or disrespected from the religion and its supporters. Jehovah’s Witnesses guarantee that all evangelists and pioneers of the gathering are generally chips in and any funds come out of their own pockets. Jehovah Witnesses accept that different religions see them as a clique or a gathering split away from a religion. They see themselves as a strict gathering restoring the type of Christianity that was framed in the main century. They are determined that their lessons get from the Bible itself and no one individual (Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, 2013). Jehovah’s Witnesses have added to American culture in a couple various ways, one being through calamity alleviation. Their help with calamity alleviation has helped both those of their religion and those not of their religion at the same time, they deal with those inside their confidence/religion first. Jehovah’s Witnesses likewise assumed a major job in strict opportunities. For instance, youngsters saluting the banner in the study hall; Jehovah’s Witnesses carried a case to the Supreme Court expressing that it abused First Amendment Rights (Burroughs, 2008-2013). Another way that Jehovah’s Witnesses has added to American culture is through the clinical field. Jehovah Witnesses can't acknowledge blood transfusions, so a Pennsylvania emergency clinics discovered approaches to offer bloodless medical procedures and strategies to Jehovah’s Witnesses; they have been doing this for more than fifteen years. It is a direct result of this and all the updated and developing innovation that clinics can offer bloodless medical procedures to people in general also (Burroughs, 2008-2013). I have taken in a lot by investigating and assembling data about Jehovah’s Witnesses. I understand that individuals that follow this religion are simply rehearsing what they have confidence in and how they see the way that their God needs them to live their lives. I may not concur with a portion of their convictions or practices be that as it may, it isn't my religion and I regard their choices to follow their confidence how they pick. Hispanics and Latinos make up an enormous segment of America today. As indicated by the United States Census Bureau, in the year 2010, sixteen percent of all Americans were of Hispanic or Latino conventional (Ennis, Rios-Vargas, Albert, 2011), so this race/ethnicity is certainly adding to American culture and lifestyle. Legacy has a similar importance regardless of what your race or ethnicity; legacy alludes to the traditions and conventions that are passed on from age to age. Hispanics and Latinos communicate in a language called Spanish, not all do but rather, larger part realize how to talk, peruse and write in Spanish. Hispanics and Latinos are known for some most amazing tasting nourishments, this is a piece of their legacy. Their food is known for its powerful flavors and for being zesty. Basic nourishments that Hispanics and Latinos are known for are dishes like; moles (articulated moh-lay), tamales, tortillas and carna asada to give some examples. In contrast to different races or ethnicities, Hispanic and Latinos are known for their intricate festivals. They like to praise significant life occasions, and they do so richly with brilliant hues, music and moving. It is regular at Hispanic/Latino festival to see Mariachi’s; these are artists and performers playing Mexican legends music and having artists in local splendid bright dresses. It truly is very excellent to see and hear. Different things that Hispanics and Latinos have brought to American culture are things like artworks, for example, earthenware pots or grower and figures and furthermore pinatas, a paper mache embellishment that hold confections and toys. Hispanics and Latinos have added a such a great amount to American culture with their customs as well as with their strict convictions. Hispanics and Latinos are strict, dominant part share the religion of Catholic. The principle festivities of Hispanic religion are: Lent called, Cuaresma; Holy Week called, Semana Santa; Christmas called, La Navidad; Three Kings Day or Los Tres Reyes Magos. A few Americans and different races/ethnicities share and praise these occasions also. Hispanics and Latinos have had an exceptionally troublesome street with movement to American. They regularly stumble into challenges concerning segregation and preference. Numerous Americans accept that Hispanics and Latinos have removed occupations and that they have looked for American government help that ought to be just accessible to American residents. Still today Hispanics and Latinos suffer segregation and bias. Some segregate or are preference against them on account of their skin shading, the language they talk and in light of the fact that they have huge families. Different reasons they are oppressed them is through business, some vibe it is alright to pay Hispanics or Latinos littler wages; particularly on the off chance that they are in the nation unlawfully, individuals debase them and pay them little measures of cash for work/work. Instructions to refer to Religion and Ethnic Diversity, Papers

AmeriCorps, Peace Corps, Teach for America COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

AmeriCorps, Peace Corps, Teach for America COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Each year SIPA is proud to provide funding for some of our admitted applicants with ties to certain professional or academic organizations. For example, SIPA agrees to provide fellowships to a minimum number of Peace Corps, AmeriCorps, and Teach for America alumni each year. The process is competitive and we cannot award funding to every admitted applicant with such experience, but we value the experience applicants to our program gain by working for such organizations. When filling out the admission application applicants have the opportunity to list experience with specific organizations via a drop down list. To be considered for fellowships with ties to particular organizations simply indicate your affiliation in the appropriate place on the application site. This will alert the Admissions Committee and applicants who are admitted will be considered for such awards.

How Does Memory Work Before Talking About What Goes Wrong

The brain is an amazing organ of the body, it does a trillion things at once, but one of the simplest things that it does is memory. To stop and think about what is memory and how does it work? What happens when something goes wrong and the brain cannot remember? How does a person live day to day without a memory? How does memory work before talking about what goes wrong? To begin with memory like everything else in the body there is a process that occurs; first it goes through encoding, storage, and retrieval.(This is the process of memory, each are very important and it is amazing how the brain deciphers what is going to stay in the long term memory or short term. First off is encoding, it is all about sensory information into†¦show more content†¦Which means the person is thinking about the information constantly and that is what consciousness is or STM (short term memory). So what is working memory? It is the information in the STM, for example, it is when a person is re membering a person s number to call it is important for that time being, but not important enough for LTM (long term memory). Basically STM is determining is the sensory message is important enough, then working memory is for you memory to focus on it, but not fully remember just for a few seconds or minutes. Long term memory on the other hand, it is much different from STM and working memory, LTM s capacity to remember something is unlimited depending on how important it is to the person. Using my example from working memory, remembering numbers if it is rehearsed enough, it will be put in long term like you cell phone number that a person has taught themselves to remember. Then LTM is simplified into Nondeclarative or declarative, LTM include general facts and knowledge, personal facts, and even skills that can be performed(pearson 230) Nondeclarative are memories how people learned to do something like riding a bike or something a person will use in everyday life. Declarative is a memory where a person learned how to do something else but declarative memories are more facts then are learning to do something. Then for declarative memories are

The Great Principles Of The American Revolution - 1689 Words

The creation of the American nation became what it is today from years of struggle in which the common people, as well as the Founding Fathers, played a vital part for independence. The promise of the Revolution, a nation based on the republican ideals of liberty, independence, and equality, was to some extent achieved. Yet the great principles of the Revolution have long shaped our thoughts of what it means to be an American. All the events leading up and after the American Revolution will have effects on the common people. The story of George Robert Twelves Hewes helps historians comprehend the part that the common people played in their struggle for freedom and republican ideals they wanted to achieve for the generations to come in the new nation. The common people were important because if they didn’t join John Hancock, Samuel Adams, and other wealthy leaders then the American Revolution would have never taken place. The common people made up the bulk of the Continental Ar my, without convincing the bulk of those people, they would have stayed loyal the King George III. The common people in the colonial era of the United States were made mostly up of people that worked in trade areas such as shoemakers, smiths, carpenters, and other trades within that time. Most of them were poor, especially if a colonist was in the shoemaking trade. John Adams, said that shoemaking was, â€Å"too mean and diminutive an occupation, to hold a client of his who wanted to rise in the world.†1Show MoreRelatedThe Revolutionary War Of Independence1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution which began as a War of Independence for American quickly transformed into a civil battle between the American patriots and loyalists joined by Indian forces. This war of independence, irrefutably, had a great effect on the citizens of America in varying degrees. 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The Enlightenment perspective consisted of people searching for their social prestige, questioning authorities and believing they could create a new republic. The Americans aimed for independence and the French desired to overthrow their monarchy. The objective in both revolutions were relatively the same, to overthrow and recreate in efforts to achieve national sovereignty. However, theRead More`` Common Sense `` By Thomas Paine1202 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Paine s pamphlet, he had supported the American Revolution that refers to â€Å"American Independence†. The objective to write â€Å"Common Sense† is that challenged to the British government and motivated America n to follow their own destiny. Furthermore, His written work was the first time that asked for independence from Britain. The inspiration of Thomas came from the suggestion of Benjamin Rush who is an outspoken defender of American rights from Great Britain. 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Behavioral Misuse Of Antibiotics Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Background: self medicine with antibiotics is devouring drugs to handle self diagnosed infection without confer withing doctors which is broad spread abuse of antibiotics in developing states. Purpose: this survey purpose to measure the prevalence of behavioural abuse of antibiotics by self medicine among wellness professional pupils in J.U. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Misuse Of Antibiotics Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now S.T, and to measure the association between ego aa‚ ¬ † medicine and doing factors. Design: across-sectional design will utilize. Method: random sample of 400 pupils in J.U.S.T university, selected from 4th twelvemonth degree in modules of ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, and nursing ) , validated questionnaire will used to roll up informations, pilot survey sample ( 40 pupils ) , informations analysis through statistical bundle of societal scientific discipline ( SPSS ) . Decision: the determination will supply of import informations about prevalence of abuse of medicine among the four groups ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, nurse ) , which will be of import in understanding the wellness load of the development of antibacterial opposition. Introduction A important addition in the mortality and morbidity rate of antecedently treatable infections disease due to the outgrowth of opposition among infective and common bacterium. This turning opposition to antibiotics represents a planetary menace to human sort. The major job of antibiotics self medicine is the outgrowth of opposition which means the effectivity of antibiotics will worsen and therefore infections turned to be more hard and really expensive to handle and epidemics become harder to command ( WHO report, 2005 ) ( reka bisht, 2009 ) . Further, other serious side consequence may develop like harm to some critical organ like kidney and liver, and devastation of normal vegetations in the organic structure. The purpose of this survey is to look into the prevalence of behavioural abuse of antibiotics by self medicine without prescription and its part to antibacterial opposition among wellness professional pupils at J.U.S.T University, and compare the consequence with similar surveies. In Jordan, no much behavioral based survey was conducted. One of these survey conducted by Al-Bakri et Al ( 2005 ) to measure beginnings, form and rightness of antibacterial drugs ingestion within the Jordanian population? ? ? ? ? All other surveies carried in Jordan were based on community, wellness establishment, or infirmary scene Literature reappraisal The old surveies defined self medicine as consuming of drugs without reding from their doctors or use of any medicine for ego intervention without audience of wellness attention professions ( sharrif, 2011 ) . In measuring the behaviour of ego antibiotics medicine and the factors influencing, other survey in Jordan concludes that inappropriate ego medicine antibiotics appears to be common among Jordanian, meaning the demand for carefully designed antibiotics educational runs to stress the utilizations and restriction of these medicine, and to do general public consciousness to the negative consequence, this run should be include all Jordanian ( Sawair, Baqain, Abu Karaky, A ; Abu Eid, 2009 ) .. Self medicine is a common job worldwide, antibiotic opposition is quickly increasing job and the underdeveloped states like, Iran, Sudan, Jordan, Pakistan are sing many facet of in appropriate usage of medicines in their wellness attention installations ( Sawalha, 2008 ) . Study design A cross-sectional survey will be conducted to look into the magnitude of antibiotic abuse and to measure the most likely causation factors act uponing this behaviour among wellness professional pupils in ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, and nursing ) . This descriptive exploratory survey will be performed utilizing a self-administered questionnaire. Population and sample A convenient random choice of 400 pupils will be performed to transport out the survey. The sample choice will be will be from all pupils in 4th specializer to be chosen every other pupil. This indiscriminately selected sample is considered homogeneous with regard to their age ( 4th twelvemonth degree pupils ) , educational degree, and wellness professions. Data will be collected from the pupils during their presence in their regular categories at the beginning of the 2nd semester in 2013. A entire figure of 400 questionnaires will be distributed on pupils in 4th specializer. Puting The survey will be conducted in an academic based puting on 4th twelvemonth degree pupils of the 4th wellness co-workers ( medical specialty, dental medicine, pharmaceutics, and nursing ) at Jordan university of scientific discipline and engineering. Data aggregation A pre-designed structured questionnaire in Arabic linguistic communication will be used to roll up the information on ego medicine with antibiotic from the survey population. The questionnaire will be pre-tested on a little pilot population ( 40 pupils ) , from every specializer to find the diction and format of the questionnaire, completeness of response, the clip needed to finish the signifier. After that the questionnaire will be modified consequently. University administrative blessing will be obtained ( IRB ) to ease the distribution of the questionnaire. At the beginning of the questionnaire, the intent of the survey will be explained and so the pupils will be asked to reply all inquiries. Consequently, demographic informations such as name, age, gender, reference, and forte co-worker will be followed. The questionnaire will dwell of structured unfastened and closed terminal inquiries and multiple response inquiries, the informations will be classified into point, which in bend will be given codifications used for intent of computing machine informations entry. The questionnaire will distributed to pupils at the terminal of their talk after informing and obtaining consent of the teaching staff and so collected after completion clip ( the clip will find related to fly survey ) . The response rate will be 100 % . Statistical analysis Data will be analyzed by utilizing SPSS, descriptive analysis will be conducted. Prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics will be reported as per centum. Categorical information will be presented as frequence of happening and will be analyzed by chi-square trial. Continuous informations will be presented as mean and standard divergence and will be analyzed by pupil t-test. The P value of less than 0.05 was considered important at the 0.05 degree. Restriction First, our topic will be drawn from health-professional pupils instead than other specializer. Second, the age distribution of the sample population will be different from the age distribution from general distribution of Jordan. Further surveies are needed to affect wider scope of ages to find the magnitude of self-medication abuse of antibiotics in the general population. Third, this is a retrospective survey, some prejudice might go on when the pupil have to retrieve how many times, continuance of intervention, besides should retrieve the name of antibiotics have been taken in old 12 months. Fourth, the questionnaire will be administered to pupils during their presence in their regular category. So, pupils may impact each other ‘s replies to inquiry, in malice of research worker ‘s instructions. What are anticipating to happen out is: Antibiotics self medicine without prescription is extremely prevalence among wellness professional pupils. Uncontrolled purchase of antibiotics from pharmaceuticss ( over the counter ) without prescription, and handiness of antibiotics at place ( remnant ) are the most common beginning of self medicine. Upper respiratory piece of land infection is the major wellness jobs reported to be treated by antibiotics self-medication. The fiscal factors play a function in choosing the type and the sum of antibiotics by self medicine individual. How to cite Behavioral Misuse Of Antibiotics Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Solution focus free essay sample

Theory: Solution Focus Key Concepts Solution Focus therapy is illustrated by techniques The miracle question Exception questions Scaling questions Presupposing change. Moving towards solution Goal formulation Solution focus therapy is grounded on a positive orientation. The view of solution focus is people are healthy, competent, and resourceful, and have the ability to construct solutions to enhance their lives. This therapy is concerned with looking for what is working with the assistant of the therapist. The therapy process is to focus on creating solutions rather than talking about the problems Key Theorists Steve de Shazer Insoo Kim Berg Appropriate Populations for the Theory Solution focus can be used with children families court mandated, addictions, depression, relationship difficulties, relationship breakdown, eating disorders, and anger management. Inappropriate Populations for the Theory Solution focus is brief so for clients that are need of in depth long-term therapy should not seek solution focus therapy. It is also not good for clients who are dependent and clients with mental health issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Solution focus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therapists Role The therapist s role is to see a person as more than their problem, to look for dentify and amplify existing strengths and resources, and to identify and make use of exceptions to the rule. The therapist focus is on is on identification of solutions, In the process of therapy the therapist involves building rapport, identifying problem patterns, establishing goals, exploring strengths and solutions, emphasizing positive coping and predicting, and preparing for relapse. This should be done by asking scaling questions, paraphrasing, listening and giving the client ideas to think about. Clients Role The client learns to build the elements that will be given by the therapist which will orm the basis for ongoing change. The client instead of searching for the cause of the problem the focus is on defining the changes and making them a reality. Also the should focus on unblocking the negative thinking as well as learn that there are exceptions to every problem. Theory Strengths It is collaborative in its approach. It focuses on the client competencies. There are exceptions to every problem. Help clients to view their problems in a different light. Help client to understand small change fosters bigger change. Helps clients to want to change, giving them the capacity to change and to do their best to make change appen. Corey, G. (2005). Key Terms Miracle question- is a technique that counselors can use to assist clients to think outside the square in regard to new possibilities and outcomes for the future. Exception Questions-Having an understanding of what the client hopes to achieve and the counselor and client can begin to work towards these solutions. Scaling Questions- invites the clients to perceive their problem on a continuum. Scaling questions ask clients to consider their position on a scale (usually from 1 to 10, with one being the least desirable situation and 10 being the most desirable). Presupposing change-when the clients is focused on changing the negative aspects (or problems) in their lives, positive changes can often be overlooked, or discounted due to the ongoing presence of the problem. Is this Theory Research-based. Researched and Evidenced. Special Training Requirements SFBT therapists should posses the requisite training and certification in mental possess (a) a minimum of a masters degree in a counseling discipline such as counseling, social work, marriage and family therapy, psychology, or psychiatry; (b) formal training and supervision in solution-focused brief therapy, either via a niversity class or a series of workshops and training. Narrative Externalizing the Problem Unique Outcomes Alternative Narratives Micheal White David Epston Clients requiring long term therapy. Narrative Therapy can be challenging when the individual is not articulate. Lack of confidence, intellectual capacity and other issues could also undermine the expression of the individual through a narrative. The therapists role is to listen attentively to clients stories to search for times in the clients lives when they were resourceful. Ask questions in a way to engage the Become active facilitators. Show openness and empathy. Help clients construct a preferred alternative story. To help client separate the problem from the people instead of person own the problem. To create a collaborative relationship with the client being the senior partner. Having empowerment. To realize they are the expert, of his/her story instead of attempting to predict it. This standpoint enables the client to explore many of the important aspects of good interpersonal communication, such as: demonstration of care, interest, respectful curiosity, openness, empathy, and fascination. Theory Strengths Narrative Therapy allows the client to search his or her past and find a hidden roblem that the client finds is dominating their lives. The past can be painful for the client, and the client may find relief when they are able to edit and rewrite their story. This theory strength also focuses on the clients strengths and opportunities for growth rather than weaknesses and failures. This includes the client to begin the process of change and re-authoring. Theory Limitations Narrative is a fairly new theory despite being a widely used approach, particularly when combined with other therapeutic approaches; Narrative Therapy has certain boundaries and limitations. Diverse clients may expect the therapist to act as the xpert, instead of having to conduct the conversation themselves. This can make Narrative Therapy challenging when the individual are not articulate or have lack of confidence, intellectual capacity. Deconstructive show how stories are constructed; situate narratives in larger systems. Renaming- Support client efficacy by sharing authorship and expertise with client. Perspective-explore other peoples views of the client. patient efficacy regarding the problem. Hypothetical Stimulate patients imagination to envision different,(MlRACLE) more hopeful futures. Preference Check to make sure that exceptional moments are actually preferred to he problem story; establish patient preferences.

Free Essays on Lewis Henry Morgan

Lewis Henry Morgan 1818 - 1881 In a farmhouse a few miles south of Aurora, New York, Lewis Henry Morgan was born on November 21, 1818. He attended Cayuga Academy in Aurora and then attended Union College and graduated in 1840. He then returned to Aurora where he read law and studied the Classics of Ancient Greece and Rome. Morgan joined a young men's literary and social club and renamed it Grand Order of Iroquois. He even wrote a constitution to encourage a kinder feeling towards the Indians. He admired the Seneca and went to Congress to help them fight off the Ogden Land Company. The Seneca's adopted him into one of their clans and called him Tayadaowuhkuh or "one lying across" or "bridging the gap" (a bridge between the Indians and white man). Morgan discovered that the Indians in North America had some kinship patterns in common with each other. He was the first person to classify the kinship system of relationship The Indian Journals (1859-62). Morgan's work was the foundation for the new world view of genetic explanation, cultural evolution or social Darwinism, Houses and House-life of the American Aborigines (1965). He also brought to the people's attention the organization of the ancient Greeks and Romans were the same as the clan organization of the American Indian tribes. Before the 1870's the people did not understand the nature of them. They thought that they were ceremonial or religious institution or derived from mythology. They didn't recognize them as fundamental units of social organization. Morgan cast a new light in this area of human society and history in Ancient Society 1864. Cultural evolution, as developed by Herbert Spencer, Lewis Henry Morgan, Edward B. Tylor, and others was based on a comparison among societies. Data from any source including archeological and ethnographic were accepted in assessing a society's evolutionary status. The cultures were compared in order to determine their relat... Free Essays on Lewis Henry Morgan Free Essays on Lewis Henry Morgan Lewis Henry Morgan 1818 - 1881 In a farmhouse a few miles south of Aurora, New York, Lewis Henry Morgan was born on November 21, 1818. He attended Cayuga Academy in Aurora and then attended Union College and graduated in 1840. He then returned to Aurora where he read law and studied the Classics of Ancient Greece and Rome. Morgan joined a young men's literary and social club and renamed it Grand Order of Iroquois. He even wrote a constitution to encourage a kinder feeling towards the Indians. He admired the Seneca and went to Congress to help them fight off the Ogden Land Company. The Seneca's adopted him into one of their clans and called him Tayadaowuhkuh or "one lying across" or "bridging the gap" (a bridge between the Indians and white man). Morgan discovered that the Indians in North America had some kinship patterns in common with each other. He was the first person to classify the kinship system of relationship The Indian Journals (1859-62). Morgan's work was the foundation for the new world view of genetic explanation, cultural evolution or social Darwinism, Houses and House-life of the American Aborigines (1965). He also brought to the people's attention the organization of the ancient Greeks and Romans were the same as the clan organization of the American Indian tribes. Before the 1870's the people did not understand the nature of them. They thought that they were ceremonial or religious institution or derived from mythology. They didn't recognize them as fundamental units of social organization. Morgan cast a new light in this area of human society and history in Ancient Society 1864. Cultural evolution, as developed by Herbert Spencer, Lewis Henry Morgan, Edward B. Tylor, and others was based on a comparison among societies. Data from any source including archeological and ethnographic were accepted in assessing a society's evolutionary status. The cultures were compared in order to determine their relat...

The Complete History of Hip Hop

The Complete History of Hip Hop SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Although widely synonymous with rap music today, hip-hop actually got its start as a full-on cultural movement in the 1970s. For the first few decades that the term was around, hip-hop wasn’t just about music: it also referred to art, style, dance, and philosophy. In this article, we cover the full history of hip hop dance and music and include a helpful hip hop history timeline for reference. Origins of Hip Hop Hip hop (or hip-hop, the two can be used interchangeably) began as a culture and art movement in the Bronx, where demographics were rapidly shifting in the early 1970s. During the 1950s and 60s, many white, middle-class people left the cities to move to the suburbs. The African Americans and Latino Americans that were left behind in cities (or who moved to the cities in the intervening years) encountered many challenges in their neighborhoods, as budgets were slashed and resources diverted to the wealthier, whiter communities. Faced with a lack of economic opportunity, as well as rising crime and poverty rates, the young people in the Bronx and nearby communities began creating their own kinds of cultural expressions. These forms of expression would come together to form the four pillars of hip hop. The 4 Main Elements of Hip Hop Music Most scholars agree that there are four main elements, or pillars, to hip hop music. These pillars originated in the 1970s and continue to represent hip hop culture today: Deejaying: making music using record players, turntables, and DJ mixers Rapping: rhythmic vocal rhyming style Graffiti painting: also known as â€Å"graf† or â€Å"writing† Break dancing: a form of dance that also encompasses an overall attitude and style All four of these elements remain signifiers of hip hop as a larger cultural movement. Hip hop is typically broken into three phases: old school, new school, and 21st century. Old School Hip Hop Old school hip hop typically dates from the origination of the movement in the early 1970s up until the mid-1980s. The first major hip hop deejay was DJ Kool Herc. Mixing percussive beats with popular dance songs, Kool Herc was instrumental in developing the sounds that became synonymous with hip hop, such as drum beats and record scratches. Influenced by Kool Herc and his peers, hip hop deejays developed new turntable techniques, like needle dropping and scratching. Kool Herc also popularized rapping, which drew upon the traditions of West African griots, talking blues songs, and black power poetry, among others. Towards the end of the old school hip hop era, the movement began to gain national recognition. The Sugarhill Gang’s song â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† (released in 1979) rocketed up the national music charts, ushering in a new wave of musicians, artists, and performers, while also introducing people around the world to this new type of music. New School Hip Hop By the mid-1980s, hip hop had firmly entered its new school era. The names that headed up hip hop’s new school are more recognizable to a contemporary audience: Run-D.M.C, LL Cool J, the Beastie Boys, and Public Enemy. Each of these artists is responsible for making hip hop what we know today. Run-D.M.C brought hip hop to a larger audience through performances on MTV. The Beastie Boys pushed deejaying further with their digital sampling. LL Cool J and Public Enemy pushed rap in new directions: LL Cool J by bringing romantic themes into hip hop and Public Enemy by using rap to push forward political ideology. Other artists that came of age during hip hop’s new school era include Queen Latifah, who, along with Salt-n-Pepa, brought women into the genre, the Fresh Prince, aka, Will Smith, and M.C. Hammer, all of whom popularized hip hop music even more. As hip hop grew in popularity, it expanded beyond its regional roots, too. In 1989, N.W.A’s Straight Outta Compton became the most prominent hip hop album to emerge from somewhere besides New York City. The East Coast - West Coast divide evolved into a full-on rivalry between the two groups, which ended with the unsolved murders of Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G. From the ashes of the rivalry between the East and West Coasts came late 1990s hip hop, which saw artists like the Wu-Tang Clan, the Fugees, and Diddy reach new levels of popularity. Hip hop became a worldwide phenomenon at this point, too, with new audiences and artists emerging in places like Tokyo, Cape Town, London, and Paris. By the turn of the century, hip hop was the best-selling music genre in the United States. Hip Hop in the 21st Century The 21st century was a tough time for the music industry. The advent of streaming services affected all genres, including hip hop. Despite the monetary effects of the shift in music delivery, hip hop retains its prominence, influencing musicians of all genres. Over the last decade or so, hip hop has moved further from its East and West coast roots. New epicenters for the genre have emerged in New Orleans, Atlanta, Houston, and Detroit, as well as in other cities throughout the United States. Building off of the original four pillars that defined the genre, hip hop artists touch every part of American culture, from dance (think Beyonce’s show-stopping productions) to fashion (where artists like Kanye West have launched lines) to politics (Barack Obama referenced Jay Z several times during his 2008 campaign). While the future of the music industry remains uncertain, one thing’s for sure: hip hop is here to stay. Major Moments in Hip Hop History Throughout hip hop’s history there have been major moments, from the first time a drummer used a break beat on a record to the first time a hip hop album went platinum. Here are some of the major moments in hip hop history. Year Event 1925 Dancer Earl Tucker (also known as Snake Hips) incorporates floats and slides into his dancing, which would later inspire breakdancing. 1962 James Brown’s drummer, Clayton Fillyau, uses the break beat on the record Live at the Apollo. These beats would later influence break dancers. 1965 Muhammad Ali delivers one of the earliest rap lines before his bout against Sonny Liston. 1969 James Brown records â€Å"Sex Machines† and â€Å"Funky Drummer.† Both songs would later influence percussion in hip hop. 1970 Hip hop first appears in the Bronx. 1973 DJ Kool Herc deejays his first block party in the Bronx. 1974 After watching DJ Kool Herc, other DJs start playing in similar styles around the Bronx. DJ Pleaser Lovebug Starski first refers to this movement as â€Å"hip-hop.† 1975 DJ Grand Wizard Theodore invents the record scratch. 1976 DJ Afrika Bambaataa battles Disco King Mario in the first DJ battle. 1978 The music industry first uses the term â€Å"rap music,† which shifts the focus in hip hop from the deejays to the emcees. 1983 Ice T pioneers rap on the West Coast. Michael Jackson does the moonwalk, borrowing from b-boy dance moves. 1984 The Fresh Fest concert, a hip hop tour featuring artists like Run D.M.C, nets $3.5 million. Hip hop has arrived. 1985 Salt-n-Pepa enters the scene as one of the first female rap groups. 1986 The Beastie Boys release Licensed to Ill. 1987 Public Enemy releases Yo! Bum Rush The Show. 1988 N.W.A releases Straight Outta Compton. 1989 A group of friends in Manhattan forms A Tribe Called Quest. D.O.C releases No One Can Do It Better. 1991 N.W.A sells nearly one million copies of N****z For Life in its first week of release. 1992 Dr. Dre’s album, The Chronic, goes multi platinum. Wu-Tang clan release 36 Chambers. 1995 Queen Latifah wins a Grammy award from Best Rap Solo Performance. 1996 Jay-Z releases Reasonable Doubt. The Fugees’ album, The Score, wins two Grammys and debuts at number one. Tupac Shakur is fatally shot. 1997 Missy Elliott releases Supa Dupa Fly. Notorious B.I.G is shot and killed. 1998 Lauryn Hill’s solo album, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, earns 11 Grammy nominations and five wins. 1999 Eminem sells four million copies of The Slim Shady LP. 2000 Dr. Dre sues Napster. 2002 Talib Kweli debuts his solo album and introduces himself as a political voice. 2003 Eminem faces controversy and opens up debate about hip-hop and racism after being caught using the N-word. Federal investigators raid the offices of Murder Inc. 2004 Dr. Dre gets punched in the face at the 2004 Vibe Awards ceremony. 2008 Jay-Z becomes the first rapper to headline Glastonbury, the largest greenfield music and performing arts festival in the world. 2010 Nicki Minaj releases Pink Friday, which hits number one on the US charts. 2018 Kanye West releases his eighth studio album, Ye, which debuts at number one. What's Next? If you're looking for something fun to do tonight, this slime recipe might be exactly what you need. Did you know that water has a very special density? Check out our guide to learn what the density of water is and how the density can change. Want to know the fastest and easiest ways to convert between Fahrenheit and Celsius?We've got you covered! Check out our guide to the best ways to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit (or vice versa).

Crime and punishment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Crime and punishment - Coursework Example However, in a revocation hearing, guilt has been established so therefore some rights and rules of evidence are more relaxed. Even though the rights of a defendant in a criminal trial are more structured and strict than those of an offender whose probation is being revoked, the offender will always have the right to defend his or her position. In understanding the process to revoke probation, it must first and foremost be understood that without due process, probation cannot be revoked. This process is important in order to ensure that revocation is done for reasons that are valid and noteworthy and that the probation has been violated in such a way to warrant its revocation. Someone who has violated probation and will have it revoked will be afforded fewer rights than someone who has just been arrested. This does not mean they have no rights. The rights that they will be afforded is as follows: 1. Written notice of the violations before the revocation hearing 2. The right to see and hear the evidence against them. 3. The opportunity to be heard in person and to present witnesses and documentary evidence in their favor. 4. The right to confront and cross-examine the witnesses against them. 5. A hearing panel made up of neutral members. 6. A written statement by the hearing panel, including the evidence relied on and the reasons for revoking probation (Samaha 416). Revocation of probation is the result of having violated the terms of probation which may vary from person to person depending on the charges that have been levied against them. According to Sheb, there is a two step process in revoking probation on a federal charge as described in the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. The first step is a preliminary hearing which will allow the magistrate to assess whether or not there is probable cause to believe that a violation has occurred and that it is a just sanction to proceed with revoking the probation. The requirements for the preliminary hearing includ e the right to council for the defendant and that the proceeding be recorded by a court reporter. The defendant must be provided with written notice of the hearing which will include the violation with which the defendant is being charged. The defendant has the right to appear and to question any witness to his or her violation unless it is determined by the judge that the witness does not have to appear. At this point, the judge will determine whether the violation is valid and must go onto a revocation hearing, or if the charge is without validity and may be discharged (228). The next step is the revocation hearing. This hearing must be conducted within a reasonable time from the preliminary hearing and from the time of being taken into custody. This hearing can be waived by the defendant. The person is entitled to receive a written notice of this hearing, a list of evidence that is against them, notice of the right of council, and the right to make a statement and present any evi dence that pertains to their innocence or mitigating circumstance. At this hearing the formal revocation can be enacted (Sheb 229). While the rights for this procedure are more relaxed than the formalized rights for a trial, the defendant still has the right to defend his position. Some of the differences between a criminal trial and a probation revocation hearing is that in a criminal trial hearsay evidence cannot be presented. In a criminal trial evidence

Hispanic American Diversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hispanic American Diversity - Research Paper Example The end result is that the inhabitants of the country, whether legalized citizens or otherwise can now be classified into several distinct groups such as Whites, Hispanics, African Americans, and Asians. Hispanics now constitute the second largest classifiable ethnic group in the United States after Whites. This paper reviews the second largest ethnic group in the country, namely the Hispanics, or the Latinos as they are often commonly referred to. The Hispanics are primarily Spanish speaking immigrants from the regions south of the United States, and include immigrants from countries such as Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic. They have a lot in common even though many factors prevent a uniform classification. The clichà © ‘unity in diversity’ may not hold good here because the political, social, economic, religious, and family factors within each of these immigrants vary. Hence, this paper will also study the diversity and commonality among Hispanic groups with focus on the above mentioned factors. Every immigrant population will have a history or reason for migration to another land. In this case, history has played a diverse and decisive role in each of the above group’s large scale presence in United States’ soil. Some of them had moved because of political unrest while others have moved to exploit the better economic and social conditions that prevailed in the United States. Of the four major ethnic groups in the USA, only Mexico shares a geographical border which is nearly 2.000 miles long. Patrolling the border is a problem especially due to movement of illegal immigrants from Mexico. Schaefer (2006) in his book ‘Racial and Ethnic Groups’ records that â€Å"in the war-ending Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed February 2, 1848, Mexico acknowledged the annexation of Texas by the United States and ceded California and most of Arizona and New Mexico to the United States for $15 million† (258). This resulted

Ssis Is An In Memory Pipeline Computer Science Essay

Ssis Is An In Memory Pipeline Computer Science Essay Since SSIS is an in-memory pipeline, one has to ensure that transactions occur in the memory for performance benefits. To check if your package is staying within memory limits, one should review the SSIS performance counter Buffers spooled. This has an initial value of 0. Any value above 0 is an indication that the engine has started disk-swapping activities. Capacity planning to understand resource utilization In order to understand resource utilization it is very important to monitor CPU, Memory, I/O and Network utilization of the SSIS package. CPU It is important to understand how much CPU is being utilized by SSIS and how much of CPU is being utilized by overall SQL Server while Integration Services is running. This latter point is very important, especially if you have SSIS and SQL Server on the same box, because if there is resource contention, SQL Server will surely win that will result into disk spilling from Integration Services resulting in slower transformation speed. The performance counter that should be monitored is Process / % Processor Time (Total). One should measure this counter for both sqlservr.exe and dtexec.exe. If SSIS is not close to 100% CPU load, then this indicates: Application contention For e.g. SQL Server takes more processor resources, makes it unavailable for SSIS Hardware contention Probably a suboptimal disk I/O or not enough memory to handled the amount of data to be processed Design limitation The SSIS design is not making use of parallelism, and/or the package has too many single-threaded tasks Network SSIS moves data as fast as your network is able to handle it. Hence, it is important to understand your network topology and ensure that the path between the source and destination have both low latency and high throughput. Following performance counters can help you tune the topology: Network Interface / Current Bandwidth Provides estimate of current bandwidth Network Interface / Bytes Total/Sec The rates at which bytes are sent and received on each network adapter Network Interface / Transfers/Sec How many network transfers per second are occurring. If the number is close to 40,000 IOPs, then get another NIC card and use teaming between the NIC cards Input / Output (I/O) A good SSIS package should hit the disk only when it reads from the sources and writes back to the target. But if the I/O is slow, reading and especially writing can create a bottleneck. So it is very important to understand that the I/O system is not only specified in size (like 1 TB, 2 TB) but also its sustainable speed (like 20,000 IOPs). Memory The key counters to monitor memory for SSIS and SQL Server are as follows: Process / Private Bytes (DTEXEC.EXE) amount of memory currently used by Integration Services that cannot be shared with other processes Process / Working Set (DTEXEC.EXE) amount of allocated memory by Integration Services SQL Server: Memory Manager / Total Server Memory amount of allocated memory for SQL Server. This counter is the best indicator of total memory used by SQL, because SQL Server has another way to allocate memory using the AWE API Memory / Page Reads/sec total memory pressure on the system. If this consistently goes above 500, it is an indication that the system is under memory pressure Baseline Source System Extract Speed It is important to understand the source system and the speed at which data can be extracted from it. Measure the speed of the source system by creating a simple package that reads data from some source with the destination that says Row Count Execute this package from the command line and measure the time it took for it to complete the task. Using Integration Services log output, you can measure the time taken. Formula to be used: Rows/Sec = RowCount / Time Based on the above value, you can judge the maximum number of rows per second that can be read from the source. To increase the Rows/Sec calculation, you can perform one of the following operations: Improve drivers and driver configurations: Ensure you are using the up-to-date driver configurations for the network, data source and disk I/O. Start multiple connections: To overcome limitations of drivers, you can start multiple connections to your data source. If the source is able to handle many concurrent connections, the throughput will increase if you start several extracts at once. If concurrency causes locking or blocking issues, consider partitioning the source having your packages read from different partitions to more evenly distribute the load Use multiple NIC cards: If network is the bottleneck and you have ensured you are using gigabit network cards and routers, then a potential solution is to use multiple NIC cards per server. Optimize SQL data source, Lookup transformations and Destination Here are some optimization tips that you can implement in your SSIS packages: Use NOLOCK or TABLOCK hints to remove locking overhead Refrain from using SELECT * in SQL queries. Mention each column name in the SELECT clause for which data needs to be retrieved If possible, perform datetime conversions at source or target databases In SQL Server 2008 Integration Services, there is a new feature of shared lookup cache. During the use of parallel pipelines, it provides high-speed, shared cache If Integration Services and SQL Server run on the same box, use SQL Server destination instead of OLE DB Commit size 0 is fastest on heap bulk targets. If you cannot use 0, use the highest possible value of commit size to reduce overhead of multiple-batch writing. Commit size = 0 is bad while inserting into BTree because all incoming rows must be sorted at once into the target BTree, and if the memory is limited, there is a likelihood of spill. Batchsize=0 is ideal for inserting into a heap. Please note that a commit size value of 0 might cause the running package to stop responding if the OLE DB destination and another data flow component are updating the same source table. To ensure that the package does not stop, set the maximum insert commit size option to 2147483647 Use a commit size of Heap inserts are typically faster than using a clustered index. This means it is recommended to drop and rebuild all the indexes if there is a large part of the destination table getting changed. Use partitions and partition SWITCH command. In other words load a work table that contains single partition and SWITCH it into the main table after the indexes are build and then put the constraints on Network tuning Packet size is the main property of the network that needs to be monitored / looked at in order to take decisions for Network tuning. By default this value is set to 4,096 bytes. As noted in SqlConnection.PacketSize property in .Net Framework Class Library, when the packet size is increased, it will improve performance because fewer network read and write operations are required to transfer a large data set. If your system is transactional in nature, lowering the value will improve the performance. Another network tuning technique is to use network affinity at the operating system level to increase the performance at high throughputs. Use Data Type wisely Following are some best practices related to usage of data types: Define data types as narrow as possible Do not perform excessing casting of data types. Match your data types to the source or destination and explicitly specify data type casting Take care of precision when using money, float and decimal data types. Money data type is always faster than decimal and has fewer precision considerations than float. Change the design Following are some best practices related to SSIS design: Do not SORT within Integration Services unless absolutely necessary. In order to sort the data Integration Services allocates memory space for the entire data set that needs to be transformed. Preferably, presort the data before hand. Another way to sort the data is by using ORDER BY clause to sort large data in the database. There are times where using Transact-SQL will be faster than processing the data in SSIS. Generally all set-based operations will perform faster in Transact-SQL because the problem can be transformed into a relational algebra formulation that SQL Server is optimized to resolve. Set-based UPDATE statements these are more efficient than row-by-row OLE DB calls Aggregation statements like GROUP BY and SUM are also calculated faster using T-SQL instead of in-memory calculations by a pipeline Delta detection is a technique where you change existing rows in the target table instead of reloading the table. To perform delta detection, one can change detection mechanism such as the new SQL Server 2008 Change Data Capture (CDC) functionality. As a rule of thumb, if the target table has changed > 10 %, it is often faster to simply reload than to perform the delta detection Partition the problem For ETL design, partition source data into smaller chunks of equal size. Here are some more partitioning tips: Use partitioning on your target table. Multiple versions of the same package can be executed in parallel to insert data into different partitions of the same table. The SWITCH statement should be used during partitioning. It not only increases parallel load speed, but also allows efficient transfer of data. As implied above, the package should have a parameter defined that specifies which partition should it work on. Minimize logged operations If possible, used minimal logged operations while inserting data into your target SQL Server database. When data is inserted into a database in fully logged mode, the size of the log grows quickly, because each row that is written in the database is also written to the log. Therefore, consider the following while designing SSIS packages: Try to perform data flows in bulk mode instead of row by row. This will help minimize the number of entries to the log file. This eventually results into less disk I/O hence improving the performance If for any reason you need to delete data, organize the data in such a way that you can use TRUNCATE instead of DELETE. The later places an entry of each row that is deleted into the log file. The former will delete all the data and just put one entry into the log file If for any reason partition need to be move around, use the SWITCH statement. This is a minimally logged operation If you use DML statements along with your INSERT statements, minimum logging is suppressed. Schedule and distribute it correctly Good way to handle execution is to create a priority queue for your package and then execute multiple instances of the same package (with different partition parameter values). This queue can be a simple SQL Server table. A simple loop in the control flow should be a part of each package to: Pick a relevant chunk from the queue Relevant means that is not already been processed and that all chunks it depends on have already executed Exit the package if no item is returned from the queue Perform work required on the chunk Mark the chunk as done in the queue Return to the start of the loop Picking an item from the queue and marking it as done can be implemented as a stored procedure. Once you have the queue in place, you can simple start multiple copies of DTEXEC to increase parallelism. Keep it simple Unnecessary use of components should be avoided. Here is one of the way to avoid it: Step 1: Declare the variable varServerDate Step 2: Use ExecuteSQLTask in the control flow to execute a SQL query to get the server datatime and store it in the variable Step 3: Use the dataflow task and insert/update database with the server datatime from the variable varServerDate This sequence is advisable only in cases where the time difference from Step 2 to Step 3 really matters. If that does not matter, then just use the getdate() command at Step 3 as shown below: Create table #Table1(t_ID int, t_date datetime) Insert into #Table1(t_ID, t_date) values(1, getdate()) Executing a child package multiple times from a parent with different parameter values While executing a child package from a master package, parameters that are passed from the master package should be configured in the child package. Use the Parent Package Configuration option in the child package to implement this feature. But for using this option, you need to specify the name of the Parent Package Variable that is passed to the child package. If there is a need to call the same child package multiple times (each time with a different parameter value), declare the parent package variables (with the same name as given in the child package) with a scope limited to Execute Package Tasks. SSIS allows declaring variables with the same name but the scope limited to different tasks all inside the same package. SQL Job with many atomic steps For the SQL job that calls the SSIS packages, create multiple steps, each performing small tasks rather than one step that performs all the tasks. Creating one big step, the transaction log grows too big and if a rollback takes place, it make take the full processing space of the server. Avoid unnecessary typecasts Avoid unnecessary typecasts. For e.g., flat file connection manager, be default, uses the string [DT-STR] data type for all columns. You will have to manually change it, if there is a need to use the actual data type. It is always a good option to change it at the source-level itself to avoid unnecessary type casting. Transactions Usually, ETL processes handle large volume of data. In such scenarios, do not attempt a transaction on the whole package logic. SSIS does support transactions, and it is advisable to use transactions. Distributed transaction that span across multiple tasks The control flow of an SSIS package threads together various control tasks. In SSIS it is possible to set a transaction that can span into multiple tasks using the same connection. To enable this, set value of the retainsameconnection property of the Connection Manager to true Limit the package name to maximum of 100 characters When a SSIS package with a package name exceeding 100 characters is deployed in SQL Server, it trims the package name to 100 characters, which may cause an execution failure. SELECT * FROM Do not pass any unnecessary columns from the source to the destination. With the OLEDB connection manager source, using the Table or View data access mode is equivalent to SELECT * FROM tablename, which will fetch all the columns. Use SQL Command to fetch only required columns and pass that to the destination. Excel source and 64-bit runtime Excel Source or Excel Connection manager works only with the 32-bit runtime. Whenever a package that uses Excel Source is enabled for 64-bit runtime (by default, this is enabled), it will fail on the production server using the 64-bit runtime. Go to solution property pages debugging and set Run64BitRuntime to FALSE. On failure of a component, stop / continue the execution with the next component When a component fails, the property failParentonFailure can be effectively used either to stop the package execution or continue with the next component execution in the sequence container. The constraint value connecting the components in the sequence should be set to Completion. Also the failParentonFailure property should be set to FALSE. Protection To avoid most of the package deployment error from one system to other, set the package protection level to DontSaveSensitive Copy pasting script component Once you copy-paste a script component and execute the package, it may fail. As a work-around, open the script editor of the pasted script component, save the script and then execute the package. Configuration filter Use as a filter As a best practice use the package name as the configuration filter for all the configuration items that are specific to a package. This is typically useful when there are so many packages with package specific configuration items. Use a generic name for configuration items that are general to many packages. Optimal use of configuration records Avoid using the same configuration item recorded under different filter / object name. For e.g. there should be only one configuration record created if two packages are using the same connection string. This can be achieved by using the same name for the connection manager in both the packages. This is quite useful at the time of porting from one environment to other (like UAT to Prod). Pulling High Volume data Process of pulling high volume is represented in the following flowchart: The recommendation is to consider dropping all indexes from the target tables if possible before inserting data especially when the volume inserts are high. Effect of OLEDB Destination Settings Certain settings with OLEDB destination will impact the performance of the data transfer. Lets look at some of them: Data Access Mode This setting provides fast load option, which internally uses BULK INSERT statement for uploading data into the destination table. Keep Identity By default this setting is unchecked which means the destination table (if it has an identity column) will create identity values on its own. On checking this setting, the dataflow engine will ensure that the source identity values are preserved and same value is inserted into the destination table. Keep NULLs By default this setting is unchecked which means default value will be inserted (if the default constraint is defined on the target column) during INSERT into the destination table if NULL value is coming from the source for that particular column. On checking this option, the default constraint on the destination tables column will be ignored and preserved NULL of the source column will be inserted into the destination column. Table Lock By default this setting is checked and the recommendation is to let it be checked unless the same table is being used by some other process at the same time. Check Constraints By default this setting is checked and recommendation is to have it unchecked if you are sure the incoming data is not going to violate constraints of the destination table. This setting indicates that the dataflow pipeline engine will validate the incoming data against the constraints of target table. Performance of data load can be improved by unchecking this option. Effects of Rows per Batch and Maximum Insert Commit Size settings Rows per batch The default value for this setting is -1 which means all incoming rows will be treated as a single batch. If required you can change this to a positive integer value to break all incoming rows into multiple batches. The positive integer value will represent the total number of rows in a batch Maximum insert commit size Default value for this setting is 2147483647 which means all incoming rows will be committed once on successful completion. If required, you can change this positive integer to any other positive integer number that would represent that the commit will be done for those specified number of records. This might put an overhead on the dataflow engine to commit several times, but on the other side it will release the pressure on the transaction log and save tempdb from growing tremendously especially during high volume data transfers. The above two settings are mainly focused on improving the performance of tempdb and transaction log. Avoid Synchronous/Asynchronous transformations While executing the package, SSIS runtime engine executes every task other than data flow task in defined sequence. On encountering a data flow task the execution of the data flow task is taken over by the data flow pipeline engine. The dataflow pipeline engine then breaks the execution of the data flow task into one ore more execution tree(s). It may also execute these trees in parallel to achieve high performance. To make things a bit clearly, here is what an Execution Tree means. An Execution tree starts at a source or an asynchronous transformation and ends at a destination or first asynchronous transformation in the hierarchy. Each tree has a set of allocated buffer and scope of these buffers is associated to this tree. Also in addition to this every tree is allocated an OS thread (worker-thread) and unlike buffers other execution tree may share this thread. Synchronous transformation gets a record, processes it and passes it to the other transformation or destination in the sequence. The processing of a record does not dependent on the other incoming rows. Since synchronous transformations output the same number of rows as the input, it does not require new buffers to be created and hence is faster in processing. For e.g., in the Derived column transformation, a new column gets added in each incoming row, without adding any additional records to the output. In case of asynchronous transformation, different number of rows can be created than the input requiring new buffers to be created. Since an output is dependent on one or more records it is called blocking transformation. It might be partial or full blocking. For e.g., the Sort Transformation is a fully blocking transformation as it requires all the incoming rows to arrive before processing. Since the asynchronous transformation requires additional buffers it performs slower than synchronous transformations. Hence asynchronous transformations must be avoided wherever possible. For e.g. instead of using Sort Transformation to get sorted results, use ORDER BY clause in the source itself. Implement Parallel Execution in SSIS Parallel execution in allowed by SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) in two different ways by controlling two properties mentioned below: MaxConcurrentExecutables this property defines how many tasks (executable) can run simultaneously. This property defaults to -1, which is translated to the number of processors plus 2. In case, hyper-threading is turned on in your box, it is the logical processor rather than the physically present processor that is counted.  For e.g. we have a package with 3 Data Flow tasks where every task has 10 flows in the form of OLE DB Source -> SQL Server Destination. To execute all 3 Data Flow Tasks simultaneously, set the value of MaxConcurrentExecutables to 3. The second property named EngineThreads controls whether all 10 flows in each individual Data Flow Task get started concurrently. EngineThreads this property defines how many work threads the schedule will create and run in parallel. The default value for this property is 5. In the above example, if we set the EngineThreads to 10 on all 3 Data Flow Tasks, then all the 30 flows will start at the same time. One thing we want to be clear about EngineThreads is that it governs both source threads (for source components) and work threads (for transformation and destination components). Source and work threads are both engine threads created by the Data Flows scheduler. Looking back at the above example, setting a value of 10 for Engine Threads means up to 10 source and 10 work threads each. In SSIS, we dont affinitize the threads that we create to any of the processors. If the number of threads surpasses the number of available processors, it might hurt the throughput due to an excessive amount of context switches. Package restart without losing pipeline data SSIS has a cool feature called Checkpoint. This feature allows your package to start from the last point of failure on next execution. You can save a lot of time by enabling this feature to start the package execution from the task that failed in the last execution. To enable this feature for your package set values for three properties CheckpointFileName, CheckpointUsage and SaveCheckpoints. Apart from this you should also set FailPackageOnFailure property to TRUE for all tasks that you want to be considered in restarting. By doing this, on failure of that task, the package fails and the information is captured in the checkpoint file and on subsequent execution, the execution starts from that tasks. It is very important to note that you can enable a task to participate in checkpoint including data flow task but it does not apply inside the data flow task. Lets consider a scenario, where you have a data flow task for which you have set FailPackageOnFailure property to TRUE to participate in checkpoint. Lets assume that inside the data flow task there are five transformations in sequence and the execution fails at 5th transformation (assumption is that earlier 4 transformations complete successfully). On the following execution instance, the execution will start from the data flow task and the first 4 transformations will run again before coming to 5th one. It is worth noting below points. For loop and for each loop do not honor Checkpoint. Checkpoint is enabled at only control flow level and not at data level, so regardless of checkpoint the package will execute the control flow/data flow from the start in a case of restart. If package fails, checkpoint file, all server configurations and variables values are stored and also point of failure. So if package restarted, it takes all configuration values from checkpoint file. During failure you cannot change the configuration values. Best practices for logging Integration Services includes logging features that write log entries when run-time events occur and can also write custom messages. Logging, to help you in auditing and troubleshooting a package every time it is run, can capture run-time information about a package. For e.g., name of the operator who ran the package and the time the package began and finished can be captured in the log. Logging (or tracing the execution) is a great way of diagnosing the problem occurring during runtime. This is especially very useful when your code does not work as expected. Not only that, SSIS allows you to choose different events of a package and components of the packages to log as well as the location where the log information is to be written (text files, SQL Server, SQL Server Profiler, Windows Events, or XML files). The logging saves you from several hours of frustration that you might get while finding out the causes of problem if you are not using logging, but the story doesnt end here. Its true, it helps you in identifying the problem and its root cause, but at the same time its an overhead for SSIS that ultimately affects the performance as well, especially if you are excessively using logging. So the recommendation here is to use logging in a case of error (OnError event of package and containers) . Enable logging on other containers only if required, you can dynamically set the value of the LoggingMode property (of a package and its executables) to enable or disable logging without modifying the package. You can create your own custom logging which can be used for troubleshooting, package monitoring, ETL operations performance dashboard creation etc. However the best approach is to use the built-in SSIS logging where appropriate and augment it with your own custom logging. A normal custom logging can provide all the information you need as per requirement. Security audit and data audit is out of scope of this document. To help you understand which bulk load operations will be minimally logged and which will not, the following table lists the possible combinations. Table Indexes Rows in table Hints Without TF 610 With TF 610 Concurrent possible Heap Any TABLOCK Minimal Minimal Yes Heap Any None Full Full Yes Heap + Index Any TABLOCK Full Depends (3) No Cluster Empty TABLOCK, ORDER (1) Minimal Minimal No Cluster Empty None Full Minimal Yes (2) Cluster Any None Full Minimal Yes (2) Cluster Any TABLOCK Full Minimal No Cluster + Index Any None Full Depends (3) Yes (2) Cluster + Index Any TABLOCK Full Depends (3) No (1) It is not necessary to specify the ORDER hint, if you are using the INSERT à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ SELECT method, but the rows need to be in the same order as the clustered index. While using BULK INSERT it is necessary to use the ORDER hint. (2) Concurrent loads are only possible under certain conditions. Only rows those are written to newly allocated pages are minimally logged. (3) Based on the plan chosen by the optimizer, the non-clustered index on the table may either be fully- or minimally logged. Best practices for error handling There are two methods of extending the logging capability, Build a custom log provider Use event handlers We can extent SSISs event handler for error logging. We can capture error on OnError event of package and let package handle it gracefully. We can capture actual error using script task and log it in text file or in a SQL server tables. You can capture error details using system variables System::ErrorCode, System::ErrorDescription, System::SourceDescription etc. If you are using custom logging, log the error in same table. In some cases you may wish to ignore it or handle the error at container level or in some cases at task level. Event handlers can be attached to any container in the package and that event handler will catch all events raised by that container and any child containers of that container. Hence, by attaching an event handler to the package (which is parent container) we can catch all events raised of that event type by every container in the package. This is powerful because it saves us from building event handlers for each task in the package. A container has an option to opt out of having its events captured by an event handler. Lets say, you had a sequence container for which you didnt find it important to capture events, you can then simply switch them off using the sequence containers DisableEventHandlers property. If are looking to capture only certain events of that sequence task by an event handler, you could control this using the System::Propogate variable. We recommend you to use se

Existentialism: Sociology and Basic Existentialist Standpoint Essay

There are six themes of existentialism; the themes are classified to characterize the mode of thought of those who would call themselves existentialists. The first theme is known as â€Å"existence precedes essence†, which is the basic existentialist standpoint. The values in a person’s life are not inherited from the society, but are solely based on their consciousness. The second theme is classified as â€Å"anxiety†. The nature of anxiety is like the dread of being nothing. This anxiety motivates existentialists to make something of their lives instead of embracing the pointless of life. The third theme of existentialism displays â€Å"absurdity†, there is no reason for humans to exist, nothing has a point, and it’s rather silly. The fourth theme is known as â€Å"Nothingness†, an existentialist feels as if they are defined only by their being but the beliefs and in situations that one lives can also be defined. An existentialist believes they’re born with nothing: no prepositions can create everything for themselves. Therefore an existentialist must have no structures. â€Å"Death† is known as the fifth theme of existentialism. Death is the final end of existence, thus death is a motivating factor in life. Everyone has a natural fear of death, but we should overcome hat fear, live life to the fullest. Let death happen because it is inevitable. â€Å"Alienation† displays the sixth theme of existentialism. Alienation is the isolation from society and social orders. It is present in society, to those individuals who create and pursue their personal desires, also not majority rules. In this theme, they do not connect with social institutions; therefore an existentialist finds their society empty and meaningless.

The Life Span Development Perspective - 838 Words

In this chapter they discuss the life span development perspective. They talk about the different methods of changes in human during their life span. The connection of the biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional process. Human development change trough family influences as well as society, brain development (cognitive), friends, media, and so on. The developmental theories contribute in the view of the human development in some similar ways and different perspectives. I personally like more Erickson theory with Piaget’s cognitive development and Banduras social cognitive theory, (Santrock, 2015). Chapter two Natural selection and adaptive behavior The book describe the natural process are those species that can adapt best and reproduce. As any living species to survive most adapt to their surroundings; this will include the places where they are, the temperature of the area, the food that is able to hunt, and get alone most of the time with the others species that surround their habitat. Human bodies are composed by DNA and genes that help the reproduce. Those DNA mark the physicals traits of the individual while the gene help the individual to reproduce information that help them maintain life. Those mark the difference between female and male, color of skin, eyes, hair, and even can carry sickness. Behaviors are learned in the growing up process that is adapted trough family members, friends, culture, and society (Santrock, 2015). 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The majority of changes that people go through are passed by common biological and psychologicalRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Moral Development1077 Words   |  5 PagesMoral Development What it means to take a â€Å"life span perspective† when considering human development, on the topic of moral development, is that in order to understand the changes and progression of a person’s moral development you have to take in the account that moral development occurs as a result of all the different aspects of life that can promote change, such as social interactions, socioeconomic status, and genetics. The life span perspective uses a multidimensional framework in order to

Racism In Othello Essay - 1414 Words

Shakespeare’s Othello depicts the downfall of a highly respected war general and explores themes such as jealousy, gender, and deception. The exploration of these themes evinces the racial, cultural, and social climate of Venice. The primary philosophies of the seventeenth century about race are a substantial part of Othello’s doubt and insecurity, which ultimately lead to his tragic demise. The encounter between worlds with differing values and ideas plays a considerable role in the context of Othello. There were people in Europe who were not Christians, but Othello takes place during a time when Christianity was the dominant religion of Europe. Christianity itself is not a racist religion; however, it can be used to justify problematic†¦show more content†¦Put simply, the Duke is saying that even though Othello is black, he is a virtuous man, so he is basically white. The Duke must believe that black people are sinful and that Othello is an exception, one of the â€Å"good ones.† This comment is meant to reassure Brabantio, but it reveals how the Duke truly feels about black people. Brabantio needs this reassurance from the Duke because he is not fond of Othello marrying his daughter. He does not think that there is any way that an older black man could woo a young white woman without defying the laws of nature. He thinks it must be witchcraft and it takes a testimony from Desdemona to prove that it is not. Perhaps Brabantio believes that blackness represents evil and that white symbolizes purity. Black Jennings 3 absorbs any light, so it is possible that he thinks the evil and corrupt Othello will absorb all of Desdemona’s purity and righteousness, leaving her just as depraved as he is. Roderigo indicates his disdain for Othello through his derogatory comments. Roderigo is madly in love with Desdemona and distraught that she has married Othello, whom he refers to as â€Å"thick-lips† (I.I.66). Iago catches wind of Roderigo’s racism and instigates the entire situation. He and Roderigo accost Brabantio to let him know about what has happened. Roderigo calls Othello a â€Å"lascivious Moor,† playing into the stereotype ofShow MoreRelated Othello: Racism Essay1909 Words   |  8 PagesOthello: Racism  Ã‚        Ã‚   Just how serious is the problem of racial prejudice in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello? Is it pervasive or incidental? This essay intends to answer questions on this subject. Blanche Coles in Shakespeare’s Four Giants maintains that the racial discrimination in the play may be overstated by critics: In the first scene, Roderigo has referred to Othello as â€Å"thick lips.† No other character in the play attributes any such negroid features to Othello, and itRead MoreEssay on Racism in Shakespeares Othello2541 Words   |  11 PagesRacism in Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Samuel Taylor Coleridges Literary Remains is just one of the essays that presents an attack on Shakespeare for his lack of realism in the monstrous depiction of a marriage between a beautiful Venetian girl, and a veritable negro, in Othello. He sees Shakespeares transformation of a barbarous negro into a respected soldier and nobleman of stature as ignorant, since at the time, negroes were not known except as slaves. (Appendix) The extract seems to raiseRead MoreRacism In Othello Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesputs forward the argument that Elizabethan Englishmen saw the African Natives as being barbarous and treacherous. These views are present in Shakespeare’s Othello through the characters of Iago, Rodrigo and Brabantio. However, these opinions were not shared by most of the characters until tragedy strikes and darkness of jealousy consumes Othello. Shakespeare expresses the racial prejudice that is evident in his period through the characters of Iago, Roderigo and Brabantio. The play starts with IagoRead MoreOthello: A Covert Discussion on Racism Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pagesas outcasts. In this essay I will tempt to show how even though it was the norm in Victorian England, Shakespeare already had another mind set, and was trying in this creative way that the mind set of the people was not correct even for that time. How and why did Shakespeare purposely portray Othello the Moor as a tragic hero, like Hamlet or King Lear, or did this character redevelop over time, as society’s view on racism changed. This issue of race is not signaler to Othello alone but through outRead More Racism in William Shakespeare’s Othello Essay2606 Words   |  11 PagesRacism in William Shakespeare’s Othello    In William Shakespeare’s tragic play Othello racism is featured throughout, not only by Iago in his despicable animalistic remarks about Othello’s marriage, but also by other characters. Let us in this essay analyze the racial references and their degrees of implicit racism. Racism persists from the opening scene till the closing scene in this play. In â€Å"Historical Differences: Misogyny and Othello† Valerie Wayne comments on the racism inherent inRead MoreEssay on Racism and Interracial Marriage in Othello3666 Words   |  15 PagesRacism and Interracial Marriage in Othello Othello: The Moor of Venice is probably Shakespeares most controversial play. Throughout this work, there is a clear theme of racism, a racism that has become commonplace in Venetian society which rejects the marriage of Othello and Desdemona as anathema. The text expresses racism throughout the play within the language transaction of the dialogue to question the societal ethos established by Othello, thereby making him nothing less than a culturalRead MoreEssay about Racism in Othello862 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is inextricably linked to the story of Othello and presents several universal themes, still prominent in modern society. It is this that questions what sort of message Shakespeare intended to convey to his audience; was Othello the black ‘moor’, portrayed as a tragic hero? Or did his character eventually come to resemble the prejudices of which he was a victim? A text rich with ethical debate, Othello is a story of black and white, culture, fate, and ultimat ely good versus bad. Racial ‘otherness’Read MoreEssay Race and Racism in Othello1793 Words   |  8 PagesIn What Way Would A Modern Audience React To The Way Race And Racism Is Portrayed In Othello? In the Sixteenth century, as we see clearly from Othello and other works of both Shakespeare and Cinthios original version of Othello, race was a topic of great debate and discussion. Today, in the twenty-first century the debate retains its controversy and passion. However, attitudes towards race have taken a dramatic turn during the last century. In the developed world people are now living in anRead More Racism in William Shakespeares Othello Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesRacism in William Shakespeares Othello The play, Othello, is certainly, in part, the tragedy of racism. Examples of racism are common throughout the dialog. This racism is directed toward Othello, a brave soldier from Africa and currently supreme commander of the Venetian army. Nearly every character uses a racial slur to insult Othello at one point in the play. Even Emilia sinks to the level of insulting Othello based on the color of his skin. The character that most commonly makes racistRead MoreRacism in Othello by William Shakespeare Essay1235 Words   |  5 Pageshow much Othello’s race and the racism around him affected his life? Othello struggled a lot during the play because of his dark skin color. He was called several racist names like â€Å"the Moor,† â€Å"old black ram,† â€Å"Barbary horse,† and â€Å"thick lips† (Shakespeare 1.1.40; 1.1.88; 1.1.111; 1.1.66).The term â€Å"racism† has been around for several years; it started in the twentieth century (Bartels 4 33). By the way the Elizabethan era viewed black people was similar to how racism is today with all of the racial